Capacitors:
Capacitors are passive electronic components widely used in electronic
circuits, which are used in the source filter circuit, noise filtering,
AC signal transmission circuit, oscillator circuits, etc. ...
1. Composition of the capacitor.
Composed of two plates of the capacitor consists of parallel, and has an insulating layer called a dielectric.
People often use paper, ceramic, mica, coated paper making chemicals and capacitor dielectrics are also classified by name of the capacitor dielectric as paper, ceramic capacitors, caps.
* Capacitor Charging: As the picture above we see that, when the switch K1 closed, the electric current passing from U bulb to charge the capacitor, this load line bulbs flashed, when fully charged, the capacitor reduces the load line 0 so the bulb off.
* Capacitor discharge: When fully charged capacitors if switch open K1, K2 switch shuts electric current from the positive (+) of the capacitor via bulb release of negative (-) as a light bulb flashed, when the capacitor to discharge the ball lights off.
=> If the size of the capacitor larger the bulb flashes as long or longer cycling time.
5. How to Read the capacitance value on capacitors.
* With the convergence of: The value of the capacitance of the capacitor is recorded directly on the capacitor body
=> Caps are capacitors have polarity (-), (+) and always have a cylindrical.
-
7 - Sorting capacitor
7.1) paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors, mica capacitors. (Capacitors not polarized)
The convergence of this kind, regardless of yin and yang and often have little from 0.47 μF capacitance or less, the capacitors are typically used in high-frequency circuits or circuit noise filter.
8 - Method of test capacitor
8.1) Measurement examination paper capacitors and ceramic capacitors.
Paper capacitors and ceramic capacitors are often broken in the form of leaked or been short, to detect leakage or short-convergence we observe the following picture.
9 - The incidence and type of application
9.1. Capacitors connected in series.
9.3 - Application of the capacitor.
Capacitors are used a lot in electrical engineering and electronics, in the electronic device, the capacitor is an indispensable components, each circuit capacitors have a certain advantage as signal transmission, interference filter, mains filters, oscillators etc. ...
Here are some of the illustrations on the application of capacitors.
* Capacitors in power filter circuits.
1. Composition of the capacitor.
Composed of two plates of the capacitor consists of parallel, and has an insulating layer called a dielectric.
People often use paper, ceramic, mica, coated paper making chemicals and capacitor dielectrics are also classified by name of the capacitor dielectric as paper, ceramic capacitors, caps.
Structure composed of ceramic capacitors
2. Appearance actual capacitor.
The shape of the ceramic capacitors.
The shape of the convergence of
3. Capacitance, units and symbols of capacitors.
* Capacity: The ability to speak quantities charged on two plates of the capacitor, the capacitance of the capacitor depends on the area of the pole, the dielectric material and the distance keeping the two plates by the formula
* Capacity: The ability to speak quantities charged on two plates of the capacitor, the capacitance of the capacitor depends on the area of the pole, the dielectric material and the distance keeping the two plates by the formula
C = ξ. S / d
- Where C: is the capacitance capacitors, unit is Fara (F)
- ξ: The dielectric constant of the insulation layer.
- d: is the thickness of the insulation.
- S: the area of the capacitor plates.
* Capacitance of the capacitor units: Units are Fara (F), 1Fara is huge in fact so used the smaller units as MicroFara (μF), NanoFara (nF), PicoFara (pF).
- 1 Fara Fara μ = 1,000,000 = 1,000,000,000 p F n F = 1.000.000.000.000
- 1 μ = 1,000 n Fara Fara
- 1 n = 1000 p Fara Fara
* Symbol: Capacitors have denoted C (capacitor)
Symbol of capacitors on the principle diagram.
4. The cycling of the capacitor.
An important feature of the capacitor is a cycling nature of convergence, thanks to this nature which is likely to lead capacitor AC.
4. The cycling of the capacitor.
An important feature of the capacitor is a cycling nature of convergence, thanks to this nature which is likely to lead capacitor AC.
Illustration of a cycling nature of capacitors.
* Capacitor Charging: As the picture above we see that, when the switch K1 closed, the electric current passing from U bulb to charge the capacitor, this load line bulbs flashed, when fully charged, the capacitor reduces the load line 0 so the bulb off.
* Capacitor discharge: When fully charged capacitors if switch open K1, K2 switch shuts electric current from the positive (+) of the capacitor via bulb release of negative (-) as a light bulb flashed, when the capacitor to discharge the ball lights off.
=> If the size of the capacitor larger the bulb flashes as long or longer cycling time.
5. How to Read the capacitance value on capacitors.
* With the convergence of: The value of the capacitance of the capacitor is recorded directly on the capacitor body
=> Caps are capacitors have polarity (-), (+) and always have a cylindrical.
Capacitor capacitance of 185 μF Recorder / 320 V
* With paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors: Capacitor paper and ceramic capacitors with values recorded by sign
Ceramic capacitor values recorded by the symbol.
- How to read: For the first two digits multiplied by 10 (the 3rd Caps)
- For example ceramic capacitors right on record images meant 474K
Value = 47 x 10 4 = 470000 p (Get the pico farad units)
= 470 n = 0.47 μF Fara - K or J at the end is only 5% error or 10% of the capacitor.
* Practice reading of capacitor values.
How to read the wash and value ceramic capacitors.
Note: The letter K is the error of convergence.
50V is the maximum voltage that the capacitors withstand.
Note: The letter K is the error of convergence.
50V is the maximum voltage that the capacitors withstand.
* Capacitor paper and ceramic capacitor also has a number of other records generated in decimal and taking unit is MicroFara
A number of other writing paper capacitors and ceramic capacitors.
6. The idea of the value of capacitor voltage indicated on the body:
- We found that regardless of how well the capacitor voltage value is recorded immediately after the capacitance value, which is the maximum voltage value that convergence withstand, over-voltage capacitor will explode.
- When inserted into an electrical circuit capacitor voltage U is never one also mount capacitor voltage value is about 1.4 times higher Max.
- Example circuits must mount capacitors 12V 16V, 24V circuit must mount 35V capacitor. etc ..
-
7 - Sorting capacitor
7.1) paper capacitors, ceramic capacitors, mica capacitors. (Capacitors not polarized)
The convergence of this kind, regardless of yin and yang and often have little from 0.47 μF capacitance or less, the capacitors are typically used in high-frequency circuits or circuit noise filter.
Ceramic capacitors - are not polarized capacitors.
7.2) caps (with polarized capacitors)
Caps is the yin and yang polar capacitors, capacitor goods with greater value and worth from 0,47μF to 4,700 μF, capacitor chemical commonly used in low-frequency circuits or for filtering resources, convergence of always have a cylindrical ..
Caps is the yin and yang polar capacitors, capacitor goods with greater value and worth from 0,47μF to 4,700 μF, capacitor chemical commonly used in low-frequency circuits or for filtering resources, convergence of always have a cylindrical ..
Caps - As the capacitor has polarized yin and yang.
7.3) Capacitor swing.
Convergence Convergence is rotated can rotate to change the capacitance value, this convergence often built in Radio to change the resonant frequency when you tune in.
Convergence Convergence is rotated can rotate to change the capacitance value, this convergence often built in Radio to change the resonant frequency when you tune in.
Capacitors used in radio rotation
8 - Method of test capacitor
8.1) Measurement examination paper capacitors and ceramic capacitors.
Paper capacitors and ceramic capacitors are often broken in the form of leaked or been short, to detect leakage or short-convergence we observe the following picture.
Measure check capacitor or ceramic capacitor paper.
- In the image on the test measurements ceramic capacitors, three capacitors C1, C2 and C3 have the same capacitance, which is good capacitor C1, C2 and C3 are capacitors detectors are short-capacitors.
- When measuring capacitor C1 (capacitor fine) needle one moment and then launched back into position. (Note the small capacitor too <1nF, the needle will not cycling)
- When measuring capacitors C2 (capacitor detectors) we see the needle on the scale halfway back stop from the old location.
- When measuring capacitor C3 (short-Capacitor) we see the needle up = 0 Ω and not return.
- Note: When measuring test paper capacitor or ceramic capacitor have to clock in or x10KΩ x1KΩ ladder, and to the island clockwise several times when measurements.
8.2) Measurement test of convergence
Caps rarely or short-detectors as capacitor paper, but they are usually
broken down in the form of dry (dry chemical inside the dielectric
layer) as the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced, to check
convergence of, we often compare the cycling of capacitors with a
capacitor with the same capacitance is better, the image below
illustrates the convergence of step test.
Chemical test measured capacitor
- To test C2 capacitor value of 100μF capacitance has been reduced or not, we use the new capacitor C1 also has the same capacitance and measurement comparisons.
- To clock in an elevator from x1Ω to x100Ω (larger capacitance to the lower scale)
- Measured in two capacitors and compare the cycling, when we reverse measuring probe several times.
- If two equal capacitors cycling is also possible to check focus, above we see cycling capacitors C2 capacitor C2 less so on were dry.
- Metal case without returning to the detector capacitor.
Note:
If the check directly above capacitor circuit, it is necessary to empty
the vacuum suction capacitors from the printed circuit, then check as
above.
9 - The incidence and type of application
9.1. Capacitors connected in series.
- The capacitor in series with the equivalent capacitance C is calculated by the formula TD: 1 / C TD = (1 / C1) + (1 / C2) + (1 / C3)
- Where only two capacitors connected in series, the C TD = C1.C2 / (C1 + C2)
- When connected in series, the voltage of the capacitor withstand voltage equivalent to the sum of the capacitors combined. U Bn = U1 + U2 + U3
- When the capacitor connected in series, if the convergence of so pay attention to the direction of the capacitor, previously gathered cathode anode capacitor connected to the following:
Capacitors in series parallel Capacitors
9.2 - Power capacitors in parallel.
- The capacitor in parallel, the equivalent capacitance is the total capacitance of the capacitor combined. C = C1 + C2 + C3
- Withstand voltage of the capacitor is equal with the capacitor voltage with the lowest voltage.
- If the convergence of the capacitors must be played the same way yin and yang.
9.3 - Application of the capacitor.
Capacitors are used a lot in electrical engineering and electronics, in the electronic device, the capacitor is an indispensable components, each circuit capacitors have a certain advantage as signal transmission, interference filter, mains filters, oscillators etc. ...
Here are some of the illustrations on the application of capacitors.
* Capacitors in power filter circuits.
Caps in power filter circuits.
- In the source filter circuit as shown above, effective chemical filter capacitors for DC voltage after the rectifier is flat to provide load consumption, we can see if there is DC voltage capacitor after the voltage diodes undulating, when a filter capacitor voltage is relatively flat, larger capacitor DC voltage is more flat.
* Capacitors in multi-harmonic oscillator square pulse generator.
Multi-harmonic oscillation circuit uses two transistors
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