Dr. IT Solutions Forum: May 2015

Wednesday 6 May 2015

Basic concept of : Oscillating circuit, Circuit oscillators

1 - Circuit oscillators

1.1 - The concept of the oscillating circuit.

Oscillation circuit is used very much in the electronic equipment, such as the local oscillator circuit in block RF Radio, in the color TV channels, pulse generator circuit flow oscillations, pulses in TV screens, creating a sinusoidal wave for IC Vi handling operations v v ...

Sine oscillator circuits

Multi-harmonic oscillation circuit

Oscillation circuit congestion

Using IC oscillator circuit

1.2 - sine oscillator circuit
One might oscillators sine components from L - C or from quartz.

* Sine oscillator circuit using L - C

Sine oscillator circuit using L - C

Mach oscillation capacitor C1 // above oscillator circuit L1 forming L -C To maintain this oscillation signal is put into vacuum oscillations of Transistor B, R1 is becoming bias for transistors, R2 is becoming burdens to retrieve the oscillator signal, the winding-down play from foot E Transistor mass take the feedback effect to maintain oscillation. The oscillation frequency of circuit C1 and L1 depends on the formula

f = 1/2 p. (L1.C1) ^1/2

* Sinusoidal oscillator circuit using quartz.

Circuit with quartz oscillators.

X1: quartz oscillators, the oscillation frequency is indicated on the body of quartz, quartz-powered when it self-oscillating output wave frequency sin.thach he usually ranges from several hundred KHz to a few tens of MHz.

Q1 amplify the signal lights ranging from quartz and finally the signal is removed at the foot C.

Both the resistor R1 supplies power to both the natural quartz lamp Q1

R2 is to be found ghanh generate voltage drop to obtain a signal.

Quartz oscillators in color televisions, computer

1.3 - multi-harmonic oscillation circuit.

Multi-harmonic oscillation circuit square pulse generator

* You can order installation diagrams on the following parameters:

R1 = R4 = 1 K W

R2 = R3 = 100K W

C1 = C2 = 10μF / 16V

Q1 = Q2 = Lamp C828

Two LEDs

Source Vcc is 6V DC

The total cost of all 4,000 VND Components

* Explain the operating principle: When powered up, assuming Q1 lights ahead, Q1 lamp voltage reduction Uc => C1 as voltage Ub through Q2 lamp fell => Q2 off => Q2 increased lamp voltage Uc => via C2 do Q1 increased lamp voltage Ub => Q1 established state leads storm
Air and Q2 is off, after the time t, the current load on the capacitor C1 through R3 when this voltage> 0,6V the Q2 light guide => Q2 lamp voltage reduction Uc => continue so until Q2 saturated lead and Q1 is off, repeated state and create oscillation, oscillation cycle depends on the C1, C2 and R2, R3.

2 - Design by IC oscillator

XX555 IC oscillators; XX can be a TA or LA etc ...

Pulse oscillation circuit created by IC 555

Please purchase an IC 555 and mounting them yourself an oscillator circuit according to the principle diagram above.

Vcc supply IC can be used from 4,5V to 15V, the red line is positive pulse source, black bottom circuit is sound source.

Capacitor 103 (10nF) from 5 to mass foot is fixed and you can ignore (not fitting well)

When changing the resistors R1, R2 and C1 capacitor values you
will acquire oscillation frequency and pulse width at will according to
mode.

T = 0.7 × (R1 + 2R2) × C1 and f =	1.4
	(R1 + 2R2) × C1

T = Time of a full cycle equal (s)
f = frequency of oscillation equal (Hz)
R1 = Resistance measured in ohm (W)
R2 = Resistance measured in ohm (W)
Capacitors C1 = calculated by Fara (W)

T = Tm + Ts
T: full cycle
Tm = 0.7 x (R1 + R2) x C1 Tm: time highs electricity
Ts = 0.7 x R2 x C1
Ts: time power low

Overall cycle time T including a high power Tm and low power time Ts

From the above formula we can create an oscillating pulse width square Tm and Ts any.

After you have created momentum with Tm and Ts T = Tm + we have Ts and f = 1 / T

* For example, you design the pulse generator circuit as shown below.

Pulse generator circuit has Tm = 0,1s, Ts = 1s

Exercise: Put on the oscillator circuit parameters:

C1 = 10μF = 10 x 10 ^-6 = 10 ^-5 F

R1 = R2 = 100K W = 100 x 10 ³ W

Count Ts and Tm =? Count frequency f =?

Bai:

We R2 Ts = 0.7 x 0.7 x 100.10 x C1 = ³ x 10 ^-5 = 0.7 s
Tm = 0.7 x (R1 + R2) x C1 =
= 0.7 x ³ x 10 ⁵ = 200.10 1.4 s

=> T = Tm + Ts = 1,4s 0,7s = 2,1s +

=> F = 1 / T = 1 / 2.1 ~ 0.5 Hz

3 - Oscillating congestion

Oscillation circuit congestion (Blocking OCS)

Mah oscillation principle stuffy fairly simple operation, widely used circuit in pulsed power supply (switching) circuit is made up as follows:

Oscillation circuit congestion

Oscillation circuit congestion include:

Transformer primary winding included 1-2 and 3-4 roll back, the secondary coil 5-6

Transistor Q engaged oscillate and act as light breaks open a capacity of variations generate electric current through the primary coil.

Back to disasters R1 (resistor primer)

R2, C2 is the resistor and capacitor feedback

There are two types of feedback are getting positive feedback and negative feedback, we consider the structure and principles of operation of each circuit.

* Oscillating stuffy negative feedback.

Negative feedback circuit with feedback coil wrapped 3-4 reverse with the primary winding 1-2, and resistor R1 bait small value of about 100K W, circuits are often used in the manufacture of small power approximately 20W return down

Operating principle: When powered up, the natural flow through R1 stimulus for Q1 led lights hard, flow through the primary coil 1-2 increased rapidly generate varying magnetic field => induction coil to feedback, negative way roll given feedback on foot lamp Q B through R2, C2 as B leg lamp voltage reduction Q <0V => Q lights immediately transitioned to interrupt, after the time t current through R1 loaded into capacitors C2 Q lamp foot B as pressure increases => Q lights cycle repeat guide
Monday => fluctuating form.

Oscillation circuit congestion negative feedback has the advantage of fast oscillations, but have the disadvantage of electric shock damage prone lamp circuit Q therefore often not used in the large capacity power supplies.

* Oscillating stuffy positive feedback.

Oscillation circuit congestion positive feedback coil wrapped positive feedback 3-4 with 1-2 primary coil, resistor R1 primer large value of about 470K W

Because large numbers of R1, R1 to flow through the small initial bias => Q led lights ascending => generate varying magnetic field
touch-up roll feedback => voltage obtained the positive feedback via feedback R2, C2 increases led lamps Q => and continue until saturation led lamp Q, Q When leading lights saturation, current through 1-2 coil unchanged => feedback voltage loss => B leg lamp voltage and lamp Q Q rapid decrease immediately transitioned to interrupt, second cycle repeated as Condition
Initial Status and fluctuating form.

The advantage of this circuit is very safe from being varied from electric shock, and is used in the manufacture of large power line as the source of color television.

* Review the theory of electromagnetic induction:

The experiment on the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction in the transformer.

In experiments it was found that, bulbs flashed just in time to close or disconnect switch, meaning that when current flows through the primary coil changes, in case a current flows through the primary coil unchanged but also not make sense voltage on the secondary coil.

Basics concept of : Rectifier and voltage regulator circuit

1 - AC Rectifier

1.1 - The source of the electronic circuit.

In the electronic circuit devices such as Radio -Cassette, Amlpy, color television, DVD & VCD v v ... we use DC power at different voltage levels, but outside of the equipment plugged zig this being plugged directly into 220V 50Hz AC power source, so the electronic devices need a department to convert from AC to DC voltage supply to the circuit on, switch parts include including:

Transformer source: Low voltage from 220V down to the lower voltage as 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc ...

Rectifier: Change the AC power into DC.

Ac ripple filter circuit after filtering for DC power rectifier flatter.

Voltage regulator circuit: Keep a constant voltage supply to the load consumption

General diagram of the power supply circuit.

1.2 - Rectifier sell cycle.

Rectifier selling cycle using a diode in series with the load consumption, in a positive cycle => diode is biased so that an electric current passes through the diode and passing loads, in the negative cycle, Diode broken reverse pole so no current through the load.

Format output voltage of the rectifier circuit selling cycle.

1.3 Rectifier cycle

Cycle Rectifier Diode getting used 4 spherical (also called bridge rectifier) as shown below.

Rectifier whole cycle.

On the positive cycle (the line above the ocean, below negative) current through the diode D1 => via Rtai => through the first diode D4 of chords

On the negative cycle, the voltage on the secondary coil reversal (negative end of the line above, below ocean) current through D2 => via Rtai => through D3 of the line sound.

Thus both cycles are current flows through the load.

2 - Circuit filtering and multiple voltage rectifier

2.1 - The circuit filter capacitor used.

After the rectifier voltage obtained an undulating way, without the filter capacitor voltage is less undulating be used in electronic circuits, so in the source circuit, the capacitor must be fitted with filters μF value from several hundred to several thousand μF diode bridge rectifiers in later.

DC voltage types of rectifier in two cases there is no convergence and convergence

The diagram above illustrates the power circuit case with no filter capacitor and filter capacitor.

When the switch K open, rectifier filter capacitor not participate, so the voltage gain undulating form.

When the switch K closed, rectifier filter capacitor C1 participate source, resulting filtered output voltage is relatively flat, if capacitor C1 larger capacitance at the output voltage as flat, capacitor C1 in the number of sources often have several thousand μF.

Illustration: Electric Usage of filter capacitor greater the output voltage as flat.

In the rectifier circuit, if there is no filter capacitor load or load an export consumption is negligible compared with the output voltage of the DC transformer gained as DC = 1,4.AC

2.2 - Rectifier's 2.

Rectifier circuit diagram human resources 2

To become human rectifier 2 we must use two of the same value capacitors connected in series, then the first game of voltage 1 pm on the point between the two centered on convergence => voltage we get 2x.

In the above circuit, when the switch K open, rectifier circuit return normal form.

When the switch K is closed, the circuit became human rectifier 2, and as a result we obtain the output voltage 2-fold increase.

3 - fixed voltage regulator circuit

3.1 - Fixed voltage regulator circuit using Zener diode.

33V voltage regulator circuit to create a fixed voltage supply circuit in TV tuner color

Since no fixed 110V through current limiting resistor R1 and gim on Dz 33V to remove a fixed voltage detection circuit provides channel

When designing a voltage regulator circuit as above should be calculated resistor limits the current flow so that the maximum backward through to smaller Dz Dz withstand currents that flow through Dz is maximal when the current through R2 = 0

As the diagram above, the maximum current through voltage drop on R1 Dz by dividing the value of R1, this is called electric current I1 have

I1 = (110-33) / 7500 = 77/7500 ~ 10mA

Normally we should reverse flow through ≤ 25 mA Dz

3.2 - Fixed voltage regulator circuit uses transistors, voltage regulator IC.

Zener diode voltage regulator circuit uses as above has the advantage of simplicity but the drawback is the small electric current (≤ 20mA). To
can generate a fixed voltage electric current but more powerful people get more transistors to amplify the flow diagram below.

Transistor voltage regulator circuit with amplifier

In the circuit on the voltage at point A can be changed and also the AC ripple voltage at point B but not change and relatively flat.

Stabilizers principle: Through resistor R1 and fixed gim Dz voltage of transistors Q1 leg B, assuming the voltage pins
E Lamp Q1 reduction => meanwhile increased voltage U BE => line through Q1 increases light => make the lamp voltage E foot rise, and vice versa ...

Voltage regulator circuit on simple and effective should be used very broad permissive and it has been producing various kinds .. LA78 IC them to replace the voltage regulator circuit above, LA78 IC .. there as part schematic circuit blue color of the diagram above.

They LA78 IC voltage regulator voltage regulator IC LA7805 ..

5V voltage regulator IC LA7805

LA7808 IC Voltage Regulator 8V

9V voltage regulator IC LA7809

12V voltage regulator IC LA7812

Note:
They IC78 .. only consumes about 1A line downwards, when assembled, the U IC in printed circuit> Uout from 3 to 5V while the new IC to take effect.

3.3 - Application of voltage regulator ICs them 78 ..

Voltage regulator IC 78 .. they are widely used in the power supply, as the first power unit of VCD, the color TV, computer ...

Applications LA7805 and LA7808 IC voltage regulator in the power supply VCD

4 - linear voltage regulator circuit (with feedback)

4.1 - Block diagram of the voltage regulator circuit with feedback.

Block diagram of the voltage regulator circuit with feedback.

* Some characteristics of the voltage regulator circuit with feedback:

DC voltage supply at a constant output voltage in either case input changes or load current consumption of change, but this change must be limited.

DC voltage for high-quality output, reduce AC ripple phenomenon.

* The principle of operation of the circuit.

Sampling circuit will monitor the output voltage through a potentiometer bridge created (Ulm: voltage sampling)

You create pressure circuit => gim fetch a fixed voltage (Uc: Pressure Standard)

Compare circuit compares two sampling voltage Uc Ulm and pressure to form the standard control voltage.

Correcting amplifiers will amplify pressure control, then brought to adjust the operation of the output light in the opposite direction, if the output voltage increases => via the feedback circuit adjusting => led lamp production reduction => output voltage drops. Conversely, if the output voltage reduction => via the feedback circuit adjusting => lamp capacity increase leads => and the output voltage increases = >> result the output voltage does not change.

4.2 - Analysis of the feedback circuit can source in Black and White Samsung Televisions

Input voltage ripple while AC The output voltage level

Linear voltage regulator circuit television in black and white Samsung.

* Significance of components on the diagram.

Filter capacitor 2200μF capacitor is the main source, filter after the rectifier voltage 18V, this is also the input voltage of the voltage regulator circuit, the voltage can be increased by approximately 15% reduction.

Q1 is the output light source of the electric current to the load, the output voltage of the voltage regulator taken from the leg opening C lamp Q1 and 12V fixed value.

R1 is becoming big feces found ghanh line capacity to share part of the current passing through the light output.

Bridge potentiometer R5, R6 VR1 and created pressure on the leg B sample taken Q2 lamp.

Zener diode Dz and R4 create a standard fixed voltage than the output voltage.

Q2 are compared and amplified lamp voltage deviation => brought to control the operation of the output light Q1.

R3 contact between Q1 and Q2, R2 potentiometer for Q1

* Principle of operation.

The output voltage will tend to change when input voltage change, or change current consumption.

Suppose: When voltage on increasing => output voltage increase => E leg lamp voltage increases more Q2 leg B (due to Dz gim
E leg lamp from Q2 to Ura, only longer take part Ura Ulm) so U BE reduction => Q2 led lamp fell => Q1 led lamp fell => output voltage drops. Similarly when Uvao reduction through adjusting circuit => Ura we again gained increased. Time of feedback loop adjust very quickly a few μ seconds and output filter capacitors are eliminated, without affecting the quality of DC voltage => resulting output voltage is relatively flat.

When adjusting variable resistor VR1, the voltage sampled change, the conductivity change Q2 lamp, lamp Q1 conductivity change => resulting voltage change, VR1 is used to adjust the desired output voltage.

4.3 - Circuit Televisions domestic sources added.

Stabilizers schematic linear source in the Japanese domestic color TV sets.

C1 is the main source filter capacitor diode bridge rectifier.

C2 is the output filter capacitor linear source circuit.

Bridge potentiometer R4, VR1, R5 generate voltage U LM sampling

R2 and Dz create standard voltage Uc

R3 between Q3 and Q2 contacts, R1 bias for Q1 output lamp

Resistor R6 is cloned, the output resistor is large.

Q3 is light compared and amplified voltage error detector

Wrong voltage detection amplifier

Q1 output lamp source

=> Source work in voltage range can be changed at 10%, the output voltage is always fixed.

Basic concept of : Amplifying circuit amplifier

1 - amplifier

1.1 - The concept of contemporary khuyeh circuit.

Amplifier circuits are used in most electronic devices, such as audio-frequency amplifier circuit in Cassete, amplifiers, signal amplification in television color video etc ...

There are three main types amplifying circuit is:

Voltage amplifier: As if we put a circuit with small amplitude signals at the output we get a signal with greater amplitude repeatedly.

Amplifying the electrical current circuit:
When we put a circuit with low intensity signal on the output we get a signal for strong amperage over several times.

Amplifying circuit capacity: As a circuit when we put out weak signals of input, output signal obtained with a capacity of more powerful, in fact amplifying circuit capacity is a combination of both amplifier voltage and current amplifiers do.

1.2 - The operating mode of the amplifier.

The mode of operation of the amplifier is dependent on the polarization mode for Transistor, depending on the purpose of use that amplifier circuits are polarized to KD in mode A, mode B, AB mode or modes C

a) Circuit-mode amplifier A.
As the amplifier circuit to take the signal completely around with the input signal.

A mode amplifier circuits amplify sell both the input signal cycle

* To Transistor operation mode A, we must bias voltage such that ~ 60% U CE ÷ 70% Vcc.

* Amplifying circuit mode A is used in the intermediate circuit as high-frequency amplifiers, intermediate frequency amplifiers, preamps etc. ..

b) Mach-mode amplifier B.

Mode B amplifier circuits amplify only one half of the signal cycle, if amplifying the positive sale NPN transistor we use, if any sound amplifying selling we use PNP transistor, amplifier mode B without bias.

Mode amplifier B only amplify a sell cycle of the input signal.

* Mode B amplifier circuit is often used in the production circuit of push-pull amplifier as the audio output, the production of television screens, in the push-pull output circuit, people use two lamps NPN and PNP questions serial, each lamp will
amplify a sell signal cycle, two lights in the push-pull amplifier circuit to have the same specifications:

* Circuit output amplifiers combine both A and B mode.

Circuit amplifiers have amply made: Q1 amplification mode A, Q2 and Q3 B-mode amplifiers, amplifier Q2
to sell a positive cycle, Q3 amplify sound for selling cycle.

c) Circuit AB amplifier mode.
Mode amplifier AB amplifier circuit is similar in mode B, but with the good so that the voltage U BE tails Wholesale 0.6 V, the circuit is only amplifying the signal half cycle and overcome the distortion intersection of B mode amplifier circuit, this circuit is also used in the push-pull output circuit.

d) amplifying circuit in C mode
Amplifying circuit voltage U BE assigned reverse zone for the purpose of taking only the output signal is a top portion of the input signal, this circuit is often used in the signal separation circuit: pulse separation circuit example copper in color television sets.

Amplifier applications in C mode sync pulse separation circuit color television.

2 - The question of Transistor type

2.1 - General E Transistor-style questions.

E circuit-style common questions have played directly into the E pole mass or mass game capacitors down to drain components
AC signal pole put on poles B and C removed, the circuit diagram as follows:

Voltage amplification circuit type E suffering from common, positive signal given in and taken out on pole B C

Rg: was found ghanh resistor, RDT: A bias resistor, RPA: A potentiometer resistor.

Characteristics of common E amplifier circuits.

General E amplifier is often bias voltage U CE star for about 60% ÷ 70% Vcc.

The signal amplitude greater than the amplitude obtained signal into multiple times, so the voltage amplifier circuit.

Output current is greater than the input stream, but not significantly.

Reverse-phase output signal with the input signal: because when the input voltage increases => the line I BE increases => the line I CE
increase => increased pressure drop across Rg => foot resulting voltage C decrease, and vice versa when the input voltage, the voltage reduction C leg rose => so the reverse-phase output voltage with the input signal .

E circuit-style common questions such as these are most commonly used in electronic devices.

2.2 - style C Transistor common problems.

C circuit-style public suffering leg match in mass or positive C source (Note: on the positive aspects of ac
source equivalent to mass), signal B are brought into and taken out on pole pole E, the circuit diagram as follows:

Develop common type C circuit, the signal put in and took out on pole pole B E

Characteristics of common C amplifier.

Incoming signal pole on pole B and E removed

The signal amplitude of the input signal amplitude: Because each child is always worth approximately 0,6V so when voltage increases how much vacuum pressure B C also increased this much leg => so the signal amplitude the amplitude of the input signal.

Output signal in phase with the input signal: As the voltage on the rise =>, the output voltage is increased, the voltage to decrease the output voltage decreases.

The intensity of the stronger signal of the input signal intensity many times: Because the signal amplitude at increasing => line I BE will raise => line I CE also increased β times as first line I BE CE = BE β.I assuming the gain transistor has β = 50 times, increasing the line I BE 1mA => 50mA line I CE will increase, the line is the line I CE of the output signal, so the output signal there amperage more powerful than the input signal.

On the application circuit in the amplifier many nights (Damper), before dividing the signal as many branches, people often used to amplify circuit Damper for better signal. In addition the application circuit is also very much in the voltage regulator circuit source (we'll find out in the next section)

2.3 - General B Transistor-style questions.

Develop common circuit-style B signals brought into and taken out on foot E C leg, foot mass B is discharged through convergence.

Type B Mach common questions are rarely used in practice.

General type B amplifier, voltage amplifier and not amplify the currents.

3 - The cascade style

3.1 - Assembling stories through the capacitor.
* Diagram cascade circuit through the capacitor

Beginning from the amplifying circuit - has two floors with each amplifier is coupled via capacitors.

The above is the first amplifier circuit diagram from the cassette radio, amplifier circuit consists of two floors styled E suffering from common, the floors are multiplexed signal through the capacitor, the capacitor was used C1, C3, C5 connecting layer capacitors for AC signals to pass through and prevent the DC voltage, the capacitors C2 and C4 components work alternating exit from E down leg
mass, C6 is the source filter capacitor.

The advantage of the circuit is simple, easy to fit so very many circuits used in electronic devices, the disadvantage is not fully exploiting capabilities of transistor amplifier so the gain is not big.

Above is the audio amplifier circuit, so the convergence of connection layer capacitors used have 1μF values from 10μF ÷.

In the high-frequency amplifier circuit, the capacitor value connected with stories of a few nano-Fara.

3.2 - Assembling stories through the transformer.
* Intermediate frequency circuit diagram language used in Radio cascade transformer

Middle Floor of Radio Frequency language used cascade transformers.

Above the intermediate frequency circuit diagram using the transformers Radio cascade, the output signal of this stage is coupled through the transformer to go into the rear floor.

Advantages of the combination circuit impedance between layers thus optimally exploit the gain, more transformer primary winding can play parallel resonant capacitor to the circuit at a frequency amplifier Fixed.

Cons: if the circuit operates in a wide frequency range, the frequency distortion, circuit complexity and fabrication space occupation.

3.3 - Pairing direct floor.

* Direct cascade type normally used in the manufacture circuit audio amplifiers.

Output circuit audio amplifiers have reverse-phase light Q1 coupled directly with the two light output Q2 and Q3.

4 - Method for testing single-stage amplifier

4.1 - In the amplifier circuit (mode A) how the polarization is correct.

Amplifier circuits are polarized correctly.

Amplifier (mode A) is properly polarized circuit
U BE ~ 0,6V; U CE ~ 60% ÷ 70% Vcc

When the circuit is polarized right we can see, the signal amplitude of the largest and signal distortion.

4.2 - amplifying circuit (mode A) is polarized wrong.

Amplifier circuit is polarized wrong, too low voltage U CE.

Amplifier circuit is polarized wrong, high voltage U CE.

When the circuit is polarized wrong (ie U CE is too low or too high), it was found that the distortion signal, the gain of the circuit is greatly reduced.

Phenomenon will cause distortion on sound phenomenon being shy or obstruction in the audio-frequency amplifier circuit.

Method for testing an amplifying layer.

An amplifying stories if we checked that U CE is too low or too high compared to the tails wholesale sources => amplify the stories that matter.

If U CE is too low, it may be due to short CE (broken Transistor), or off Rg.

If U CE is too high ~ Vcc may be broken or damaged Transistor RDT.

A better amplify stories usually have:
U BE ~ 0,6V; U CE ~ 60% ÷ 70% Vcc

Basics concept of : Thyristor

1. Design and principle of operation of Thyristor

Composition of Thyristor Thyristor Symbol relatively dotuong Profile

Thyristor is made up of four layers of semiconductor incorporated into two transistors connected in series, an agreement and a Transistor Transistor reverse (equivalent diagram above). Thyristor has 3 pole is the anode, and Gate Katot called AKG, Thyristor diode controller is normal when biased, Thyristor not conductive, when a voltage clicking on foot G => Thyristor guide until Cutting reverse voltage or voltage source new Thyristor stop guide ..

The following experiment illustrates the operation of Thyristor

Experiments illustrate the operation of Thyristor.

Initially the switch K2 is closed, Thyristor although biased but no electric current running through it, no lights.

When the switch K1 closed, the voltage level at the foot G U1 Q2 led lamps => Q1 entail leading lights => U2 currents from passing Thyristor do the lights.

Next we see the disconnect switch K1 but still bright lights, because the Q1 result, B leg lamp voltage increases as Q2 Q2 result, when making application guide pins B Q2 Q1 lamp makes lamp Q1 reduce lead, so two light bias to each other and maintain electrical conductivity status.

Lamps maintained until K2 interrupt => Thyristor non-powered and discontinued operations status.

When stopped Thyristor lead, but we played K2 bright lights still do not like the original case.

Shape Thyristor

Measure check Thyristor

Measure check Thyristor

Set up pool ladder x1 W, placed on the anode rod black, red sticks needles into initial Katot up, use a foot short on the leg Tovit G => see the clock on the needle, then put Tovit out => clock stays up kim => Thyristor so good.

Application of Thyristor

Thyristors are often used in the rectifier automatic doubling of pulse source color television.

Example 2 in human rectifier source JVC color television in 1490 with the following diagram:

Application of Thyristor in human rectifier 2 automatic pulse source of color TVs JVC